Immunology & Antibodies
This category covers laboratory investigations related to the immune system and antibody responses. Articles explain what each test measures, why it is ordered, and how results are interpreted. Topics include antibody tests for infections, autoimmune disease markers (ANA, RF, anti-CCP), allergy testing (IgE panels), immunodeficiency evaluations, and vaccine response assessments. Each guide details the purpose, sample type, reference ranges, and clinical relevance, making it easier for patients, students, and healthcare professionals to understand how immunology and antibody testing supports diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment decisions.
IgG Test – High & Low Levels, Functions, Symptoms & Full Guide
The IgG test measures Immunoglobulin G levels to diagnose immune disorders, infections, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation. Learn reference ranges...
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CD8 (Cytotoxic T-Cells) Test – Purpose, Normal Range, and Results
The CD8 (Cytotoxic T-Cells) Test measures the number of killer T-cells in the blood. It helps assess immune strength, detect...
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Centromere IgG Antibody Test – Purpose, Procedure, and Results Explained
The Centromere IgG Antibody Test detects antibodies against centromere proteins, helping diagnose autoimmune diseases like CREST syndrome. Learn about its...
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IgM Test – High & Low Levels, Causes, Symptoms & Complete Guide
Learn about the IgM test, its functions, reference ranges, causes of high or low IgM levels, symptoms, and when to...
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Anti-dsDNA Test: Purpose, Levels, Symptoms & Complete Lupus Guide
Anti-dsDNA Test explained: purpose, lupus diagnosis, high vs low levels, kidney involvement, symptoms, interpretation, and complete autoimmune overview.
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Intrinsic Factor Antibody Test: B12 Deficiency, Causes & Results
Intrinsic Factor Antibody Test detects autoimmune causes of vitamin B12 deficiency. Learn symptoms, causes, ranges, positive/negative meanings, and clinical importance.
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C1 Esterase Inhibitor Test – Purpose, Normal Range, and Results
The C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1-INH) Test checks the blood level and activity of a key protein that regulates swelling and...
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Anti-CCP Antibody Test – Purpose, Procedure, and Normal Range
The Anti-CCP Antibody Test detects antibodies linked with Rheumatoid Arthritis. It helps in early diagnosis, differentiates RA from other joint...
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Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody (ATG) Test – Purpose, Procedure, and Normal Range
The Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody (ATG) test detects antibodies that attack the thyroid gland. It helps diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto’s...
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IgA Test – Low & High Levels, Symptoms, Functions & Complete Guide
Learn about the Immunoglobulin A (IgA) test, its functions, causes of low or high levels, symptoms, reference ranges, and when...
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Anti-SM (Smith Antibody) Test – Meaning, Positive Result, and Normal Range
The Anti-SM Test detects antibodies specific to lupus (SLE). Learn about its meaning, purpose, positive results, and how it helps...
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Anti dsDNA Antibody Test – Purpose, Procedure, and Normal Range
The Anti dsDNA Antibody Test helps diagnose and monitor Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). It detects antibodies against double-stranded DNA, which...
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