Cancer Markers

The Cancer Markers category explains commonly used tumor marker tests, what they indicate, how samples are collected, and how results are interpreted in clinical context for diagnosis, monitoring and follow-up.

Medical infographic showing symptoms of high LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) levels including chest pain, jaundice, fatigue, shortness of breath, and unexplained weight loss.

LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Test – Meaning, Function, Normal Range, and Clinical Importance

The LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) test measures an enzyme released during tissue damage. It helps detect heart, liver, lung, and muscle disorders, as well as cancers and anemia. Learn about LDH functions, reference ranges, and what high or low levels indicate.

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Medical infographic showing Beta-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - Beta Subunit) test with four main points: pregnancy confirmation, supports pregnancy, monitors pregnancy health, and acts as a cancer marker.

Beta-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) Test – Meaning, Function, and Clinical Importance

Beta-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) is a hormone produced during pregnancy and used to confirm and monitor pregnancy health. It also acts as a tumor marker for certain cancers like testicular and ovarian tumors. Learn about its functions, ranges, and clinical importance.

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Medical infographic showing CEA Test (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) with three main symptoms of high CEA levels: abdominal pain, weight loss, and bowel changes.

CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) Test – Meaning, Function, Normal Range, and Cancer Monitoring

CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) is a protein used as a tumor marker, mainly for colorectal cancer. This test helps monitor treatment effectiveness, detect recurrence, and assess cancer spread. Learn about its functions, normal levels, causes of high CEA, and its clinical uses.

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Gloved hand holding a PSA blood sample tube with medical icons showing prostate cancer detection, screening, and treatment monitoring.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Test – Meaning, Function, Normal Range, and Clinical Significance

The PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test measures a protein made by the prostate gland to assess prostate health. It helps detect prostate cancer, benign enlargement, and inflammation. Learn about its normal range, functions, causes of high and low PSA, and how results are interpreted.

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Gloved hand holding AFP blood sample tube with infographic showing liver cancer detection, pregnancy screening, germ cell tumors, and liver disease monitoring.

AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) Test – Meaning, Function, Normal Range, and Clinical Importance

AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) is a key protein used to detect liver cancer, germ cell tumors, and fetal abnormalities during pregnancy. Learn about its functions, causes of high and low levels, and how this simple blood test helps in early diagnosis and monitoring of serious conditions.

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